
We woke up super-early at 5 this morning—aren’t we supposed to be on vacation?—to take the Treshnish Circle tour of the islands. It was already misty as we made our way to the ferry terminal. The trip to Mull was uneventful. The bus trip on Mull quite bouncy on a single-track road all the way to Fionnphort (supposedly pronounced "finny-fort"). Once there, we were told to wait for the special boat that would take us to all 3 islands, not just the ones the other people were going to. It was us and a group of 4 others from South Africa. The minute the trip began, we should have known this was to be a real adventure.
First off, there was no real dock here. We had to step from the ramp for the ferryboat up to the little boat and then down into the boat. Okay. No problem. The real problem started when the captain announced that the toilet on the boat wasn’t working. Okay. Of course, as soon as he said that, I had to pee.
So we all assume that means that there are toilets along our way today. So we near the island of Lunga, the largest of the Treshnish Isles.
The Treshnish Isles is an archipelago of small islands and skerries, lying west of Mull, and are part of the Inner Hebrides. They were formed of layer-upon-layer of Basaltic lava that orignated from the Mull volcano around 60 million years ago. The larger islands include Fladda and Lunga and Bac Mor (Dutchman's Cap), which looks just like that. Other islands could easily be mistaken for aircraft carriers on misty days like this. On the way, we saw many puffins flying around. The captain had told us that we might not see any as it is time for them to leave after raising their young who may have already left.
Our destination was Lunga, the largest of the group. It appeared almost as two islands in one with a low plateau occupying the south and a rocky northern half rising to a peak some 100 meters above sea level. Our boat slowed down then began inching ever closer to some very black and slippery-looking rocks. So no dock here either? No. We literally had to climb up onto the side of the boat and hold onto a very little rail and inch our way sideways along the edge of the boat then step off—taking our lives into our hands—onto the VERY slippery black rocks. OMG!!!! Are you kidding me?
So the captain’s assistant is telling us that the owners of the island won’t let them do any maintenance on the island, so there are a) no restrooms and b) no paths. We are told that to see the puffins, which evidently is the whole point of this exercise of which I was unaware, we have to kind of guess our way across the very slippery pillars of rocks and stones and potholes filled with water to get over to the grassy area. Okay, so all of us are off the boat and the captian says he’ll be back in TWO HOURS. That they’ll be just offshore, fishing. TWO HOURS!?!
So we very carefully make our way across the rocks and make it to the grassy area, but it is just as slippery and now we have to go down the hill on the slippery grass. And mind you there is no path here. We are just guessing that the way we go will end up somewhere safe. So it’s down the slippery grass and then to more slippery rocks with wide stretches of water to step across, too. Then UP another stretch of slippery grass, WAY UP, with a warning sign that says you are taking your own risks if you continue. Well, we continue, climbing higher and higher until we get to more slippery grass that is right on the edge of a huge cliff. Evidently, this is not the Harp Rock where most of the puffins live but THAT rock is WAY UP another very steep hill with yet another warning sign. And it is a stack divided from Lunga by a deep, narrow chasm anyway, so we wouldn’t be able to get a close up look at the puffins if we did make the climb. With the weather getting worse by the moment, we decide that whatever kind of birds live on this level, we are fine with. We are high enough. As it turned out, there were some puffins here, living in what looked like rabbit holes on the edge of the cliff and just over the edge. We’d be standing there and suddenly a puffin would pop out of its burrow and fly off the cliff, beating its wings ever so fast. There were thousands of birds in various combinations of black, white and grey.
There were Black Guillemots, Razorbills, Black-Backed Gulls, Greylag Geese, Kittiwakes, Shags, Arctic Terns, Manx Shearwaters, and, in the water, seals and porpoises. And yes, it was very cool to see all this, but I was a bit distracted. We stayed up top then ever so gingerly made our way back down the slope to the lower rocks. It was even hard to find a rock to sit upon as there was so much …well, bird poop all over every surface. We had some snacks that we had brought with us and enjoyed the brisk breeze. Until the breeze stopped and then came the little flying bugs that want to get right in your face. Oh please captain, just come back now.
Of volcanic origin, Lunga has been described as “a green jewel in a peacock sea.” Flowers of all kinds bloomed all around us. The island, small as it is, was once inhabited in the 1700s by as much as 16 people, but nowadays seabirds and tourists have taken over their place. Populated until the 19th century, Lunga still bears the remains of black houses. To the northeast of the island lie the remains of the ruined village, which was abandoned in 1857, but we didn’t see it. We did see a lovely lagoon that was right out of a photo book and I wondered why the captain couldn’t have stopped the boat there.
SO…two hours later, the boat is approaching and he seems to be going to a different spot. He is edging his way closer and closer to the fierce looking rocks on this small cliff. We make our way over to him and I can’t believe that we have to reboard the boat this way. The captain’s assistant is standing with one foot on the side of the boat and the other on rocks that are even higher on the cliff and more slippery. And he reaches his hand out to me and tells me which rocks to step on. Over a wide chasm that falls down to the sea man, many feet below! At this point, I will do anything to get off this restroomless island, but I must say that this departure from the island was terrifying. It visibly shook up two of the other women who sat stonily silent for much of the time afterwards.
Now don’t get me wrong, I am vry glad that we went on this adventure. The islands were gorgeous and seeing the birds up close was fun. If only someone had thought to install restrooms for the visitors.
So we are back on the boat and the captain says that when we get to Staffa, that there will be other boats and we can use their restrooms. Only trouble is, when we get to Staffa, there are no other boats near. So still no restrooms.
After Lunga, we headed to Staffa. The name Staffa comes from the Old Norse for stave or pillar island. Staffa is an entirely volcanic island of the Inner Hebrides. The Vikings gave it this name as its columnar basalt reminded them of their houses, which were built from vertically placed tree-logs. These formations were created by the cooling and contracting of molten lava, resulting in the hexagonal columns. These basalt columns are the end of the Giant's Causeway that begins in Northern Ireland. Staffa consists of a basement of tuff, underneath colonnades of a black fine-grained Tertiary basalt, overlying which is a third layer of basaltic lava lacking a crystalline structure. By contrast, slow cooling of the second layer of basalt resulted in an extraordinary pattern of predominantly hexagonal columns which form the faces and walls of the principal caves. The lava contracted towards each of a series of equally spaced centers as it cooled and solidified into prismatic columns. The columns typically have three to eight sides, six being most common.
Staffa's most famous feature is Fingal’s Cave, a large sea cave located near the southern tip of the island formed in cliffs of hexagonal basalt columns. The cave is the legendary home of Fingal the Giant. The cave is 227 ft. deep and 66 ft. high. The surging of waves against the basalt columns inside makes a strangely haunting musical sound that inspired Mendelssohn to write the “Hebrides Overture” after his visit here. He held the tune in his mind until he got back to the mainland, but as he approached the piano at his hotel, he was reminded that it was Sunday and no one could play the piano. So he had to hold it in his thoughts a day longer. Other famous visitors were Queen Victoria and John Keats.
However inspiring the scenery, it was not an easy place to live. In 1772 there was but a single family living on a diet of barley oats, flax and potatoes, and whatever their grazing animals could provide. By the end of the 18th century they had deserted Staffa, apparently terrified by the severity of winter storms. AND NO TOILETS, NO DOUBT!
The Cave was astonishingly beautiful. The captain took us to the mouth of it in the boat and let us take pictures then pulled the boat around to yet anotehr NON-dock that can only be used in calm conditions as it is even scary than the one at Lunga. Ray went ashore with the other guy onboard, but all the women onboard stayed on the boat, wary of slipping on the rocks and climbing what looked like a very rickety aluminum and concrete stairway to the grassy flat top of the island. To get to the cave, you had to pick your way over a mass of giant stepping stone which in places became uneven and narrow and were also slippery. One wrong step here, and you were in terrible danger.
Ray reached the cave and entered by a narrow ledge of columns leading into the darkness. The arched mouth of the cave lines up with Iona. Then he climbed the stairway to the flat top of the island.
After Staffa, we finally headed to Iona where the first order of business was to find the restrooms! After that, we leisurely strolled through the nunnery. Unlike the rest of the Abbey buildings, the 13th century nunnery has not been restored since being made derelict during the Reformation. The pink granite walls that remain, despite being ruinous, are amongst the best examples of a medieval nunnery left in Britain. The nuns were said to live a strict life of prayer and contemplation. Some of the nuns were thought to have fled to a cave during the Reformation. Situated on the coast at Carsaig on Mull, the 'Nun's Cave' has crosses carved into its inner walls. The last abbess died in 1543 and her grave slab is in the museum showing minute details of her clothing. Between Mull and Iona is an island called Eilean nam Ban (Island of Women) where women were sent and left when they weren’t wanted on Iona any longer.
We passed the primary school playground. Here were a line of adorable scarecrows leaning against a fence and a display of advertisements for Bug Hotels that the children had made. In 1773 when Boswell and Johnson visited Iona, no one could read or write and there were no schools or churches. The island was so poor when Sir Walter Scott visited in the early 1800s that the children were almost naked and trying to sell pebbles to tourists. There were too many people on the island then (400). Today the population is less than 100 and it has the smallest library in Scotland.
On this visit, I found a St. Mary’s Chapel ruins that I hadn’t noticed before. According to tradition the Iona monastery was founded in 563 by the monk Columba, also known as Colm Cille, who had been exiled from his native Ireland as a result of his involvement in the Battle of Cul Dreimhne. (But the Druids were here before Columba got here. They had come here to escape persecutions by Imperial Rome and they founded a library here and there was a Christian cemetery here before 540 that was used as a royal burial ground. Druidic rituals were performed on the steep rocks of Cnoc Druidean.) Columba and twelve companions went into exile on Iona, then part of the Irish kingdom of Dal Riata, and founded a monastery there. The monastery was hugely successful, and played a crucial role in the conversion to Christianity of the Picts of present-day Scotland in the late 6th century and of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria in 635.
Iona quickly became a renowned center of learning, and its scriptorium produced highly important documents, likely including the original texts of the Iona Chronicle, thought to be the source for the early Irish Annals. The monastery is often associated with the distinctive practices and traditions known as Celtic Christianity. The Book of Kells, a famous illuminated manuscript, is believed to have been produced by the monks of Iona in the years leading up to 800.
The Abbey at Iona was built in 1203 although present building dates from the 16th century. The nave slopes down to the altar of Iona marble. Iona is the birthplace of the Celtic cross. St. Columba’s shrine where he used to pray is a tiny chapel just beside the door to the Abbey. In 563, Columba came to Iona from Ireland with twelve companions, and founded a monastery which grew to be an influential centre for the spread of Christianity among the Picts and Scots. Kings were crowned, and also buried, on Iona. In 806, vikings massacred 68 monks in Martyrs' Bay. Columba's monks returned to Ireland to a Monastery at Kells. Other monks from Iona fled to the Continent and established monasteries in Belgium, France, and Switzerland. In 825, St. Blathmac and those monks who had returned with him to Iona, were martyred by a further Viking raid, and the Abbey burned. However, it was probably not deserted. Its continued importance is shown by the death there in 980 of Amlaib Cuaran, a retired King of Dublin.
In front of the Abbey stands the 9th century St Martin's Cross, one of the best-preserved Celtic crosses in the British Isles, and a replica of the 8th century St John's Cross (original fragments in the Abbey museum). The museum also contained many grave slabs with warriors and swords. St. Martin’s Cross has stood in this spot on Iona for over a thousand years. The characteristic ring of Celtic crosses began on Iona and spread to Ireland. Its main purpose was to provide support for the arms of the cross. Close to this cross is a small hill known as Tor Abb which was St. Columba’s cell—where he slept.
There is talk of Mary Magdalene having been on Iona. As a matter of fact, there is a grave on the island above the Abbey called Cladh-an-Diseart (Cladh-Iain) or “Burial Ground of the Highest God.” This is said to be the burial ground of John Martinus—the last son of Mary Magdalene and Jesus. The slipway just below it is called Port-an-diseart or “Port of the Highest God.” And on St. Martin’s Cross (Crois Mhartuinn), which was sculptured by Gilchrist, is a mother and child assumed to be the Virgin Mary and Jesus, but some say it is in truth Mary Magdalene and John Martinus.
At the end of the 8th century, the west coast of Scotland including Iona was ravaged by a series of Viking raids causing the surviving monks to flee. But many of them were killed and the buildings destroyed. In 806, Martyrs Bay next to the restaurant where we had lunch was the scene of the merciless slaughter of 68 monks at the hands of Norse invaders. This bay has also provided a landing place for funeral processions where the remains of kings and chiefs were taken ashore. Their coffins rested on a grassy knoll before moving on to the Reilig Odhran graveyard.
On this visit, I also walked more leisurely through the ancient cemetery. This ancient burial ground is beside the abbey and is called the Rèilig Odhrain with its Ridge of Kings. It contains the 12th century chapel of St. Odhran (said to be Columba’s uncle), restored at the same time as the Abbey itself. It contains a number of medieval grave monuments and the graves of many early Scottish Kings, as well as where some 60 kings from Scotland, Ireland, Norway and France are allegedly buried, including Macbeth!
Iona was the burial site for the kings of Dal Riata and their successors. Notable burials there include:
· Cinaed mac Alpin, king of the Picts (also known today as "Kenneth I of Scotland")
· Domnall mac Causantin, alternatively "king of the Picts" or "king of Alba" (i.e. Scotland; known as "Donald II")
· Mael Coluim mac Domnaill, king of Scotland ("Malcolm I")
· Donnchad mac Crinain, king of Scotland ("Duncan I")
· Mac Bethad mac Finlaich, king of Scotland ("Macbeth")
· Domnall mac Donnchada, king of Scotland ("Domnall Bán" or "Donald III")
In 1549 an inventory of 48 Scottish, 8 Norwegian and 4 Irish kings was recorded. None of these graves are now identifiable (their inscriptions were reported to have worn away at the end of the 17th century). Saint Baithin and Saint Failbhe may also be buried on the island. Adjoing the cemetery is part of the medieval “Street of the Dead” along which funeral processions passed.
Reginald, son of Somerled (Lord of the Isles), founded the nunnery in 1200 and installed his sister, Beatrice, as its first prioress. One of only two Augustinian Orders in Scotland, the nunnery earned itself the name 'An Eaglais Dhubh' - the black church - after the color of nuns' robes. The gravestone of the last prioress (Prioress Anna Maclean) is so detailed in its carving as to give a clear depiction of her dress. It is now displayed in the museum.Pebbles called “Mermaid’s Tears” are found here. The legend goes that a mermaid fell in love with a monk who prayed for her to have speech and a human heart and soul. The prayer was answered but she ungratefully wanted her old life back. When she came ashore to meet the monk, she begged to be rid of his gifts. He refused and she shed tears that petrified at his feet. What a sad story. I also found the multi-colored pebbles blessed by St. columba that sailors carried as charms against drowning.The 13th century cloister was beautiful as ever. After exploring the Abbey, we walked back into town and had a snack of chips (French fries) and ice cream at the Martyr’s Bay Restaurant. Then I walked down onto the Martyr’s Beach to look for shells.
The ferry arrived at 5:15 and took us back to Mull where we caught the bus again. The Isle of Mull is the best place to see several pairs of rare white-tailed or sea eagles which nest and fish around the island and can be spotted in the skies or hurtling toward the water as they hunt for fish with their giant 8.2 feet wingspan. The BBC children's TV series Balamory features the town of Tobermory on the island and other movies such as Highlander and I Know Where I’m Going were filmed here. I had just finished reading the book, “Four Ducks on a Pond,” which was set at Achaban House on Mull and today we passed right by it and its Druid Stone—the 7 foot 10 ½ inches high standing stone, between 4-5,000 years old and aligned to the North Star, stands in the garden close to the house. The house is now a B&B and the 150 year old stable has been turned into a self-catering cottage.Once in Craignure, we caught the ferry back to Oban then had a horrible dinner at the Pancake House. I should have listened to the reviews, but we SO wanted some comfort food and were missing Waffle House. We are exhausted.
Pictures from top: two from sunset last night on the bay; Eilean Musdile Lighthouse on the way to Mull; Duart Castle on Mull; Razorbill on Lunga.